The power band is controlled by the engine timings and the shape of the pipe.
A very simplified rule of thumb is that the higher exhaust timing (the longer it stays open) the higher up in the rpm range peak power can be found and a pipe with shallow angles gives a wider (but lower peak power) power band. The more power you want the more rpm you'll need the engine to turn... hence high port timing. That leads to compromised lower-mid range power.
It all works together.
There are (were) some really unusual exhaust port shapes on off-road engines. The RB C6 for example was a real monster. Good peak power but with a very nice wide mid-range power band. It had effectively 3 exhaust ports. Two small high timing ports on each side of the main port which was timed much lower.
As for carbs. I've head many say that a car carb doesn't work on a boat. Well, that's BS. it works just fine. However, many carbs for boats have very large ID to flow good at high rpm. So that might be where the 'car carbs don't work' come from. Car carbs usually have inserts to restrict the opening to gain drive ability and fuel economy. The largest was/is around 9mm.
The last point is that car engines are setup to run 30% Nitro at the most. That's because of the rules.
This is a huge but interesting topic but I'd go out on a limb to say that a on-road car engine will be easier to work with than an off-road type. When I raced 1/8 buggies I never spent much on engine and had the most fun with thee cheapest ThunderTiger and OS RG.... modded to hell, but I did run the OS V-Spec and RB C6.