Anthony 7 7/8ths to the weld..... getcha a plastic nova guage from Steve W for like 5 bucks.... starting it around 8 will bring it in for some short testing attempts...... Centerline measuring works also, but, i've always had the guage..... 3" to 3 1/8th. ( boats arent assembled, so I cant give you this)..... I've been informed numerous times the "S" is an RPM pipe.... leading me to reduction on diameter until it rocks..... a fine line will appear, as the ski style boats allow bigger propellors to be launched, all included, but pulling and conversely staging at top end gaining actual use of the pipe is all in the prop...... back/barr cutting to taste currently in my scope........ I didnt blueprint the Zipp prop i repaired for a buddy, i assumed it was around 1450 bag numbers with a little bump maybe...... regardless, and yeah, it launches..... you'll notice a sort of "governor" top end effect with the S until you ease the pain...... the pipe is there.... or will be..... work at it a little...... I'm following the Marty Davis style Barr cuts on my ski boats..... season to taste takes time..... course to follow maybe, and only due as a friend took a big swing with a 1452 and a bone 5 port, and the S, last year... yeah it pull it at launch... we hit a very discernable wall, top end.... installed a serious Barr cut, and it showed promise fastest to date....... that prop, was so labor intensive, i'd decided i can maybe cup, back, and Barr, a 1450 to taste and save a little beryllium for the next guy..... the "S" will show ya what it wants.... I've not found, really an easier pipe that allows you to see/guage the fruits of your labor... I guess bottom line, and my theory backwards may it be: i'll work one up from launch and pulling, to stage and smokin' at a given setting ( 7 7/8ths), boat's in general running well, and then, i'll cup for speed till she sags or pukes on launch...... 21's got no grunt... and the S will show it.... it'll come in.... work on it..... think top end ease, because the ski allows the launch factor...... keep the videos coming as, you've done the work, you have the boat and a great test platform to gain with... we'll watch with interest as we drill holes in ice..... learning as I go, and you'll smile when it works...... Mike