Where to start…..I guess I should start with some definitions:
Creep is a permanent deformation in a body caused by strain
Strain is the deformation caused by application of stress
Stress is defined as Force/Area
The process is to apply stress radially (not hoop stress) to the sleeve to induce strain creep. On a brass sleeve 32 MPa produces a normal type of creep curve consisting mostly of transient creep. Transient creep is the first of 3 stages of creep in this type of metal and does not typically have any affects on the ultimate strength of the material. . Brass is known for its high resistance to creep, so when it is induced by the use of a die...... it is equally as hard to Un-do it.
Chrome has a very different Strain/creep curve compared to Brass and would typically be defined as a brittle material because of the shape of this curve and the location of the ultimate strength on the curve. While the Brass sleeve is strained to a point of creep, the chroming on the sleeve is still in Strain mode and is not unlike a passenger when this brass deformation occurs at 32 MPa. So, the chrome is still in strain (non-permanent deformation) while the brass is permanently deformed.
This brings me to the next point:
The Chrome lining has about 10% the Thermal Coefficient of Expansion of Aluminum or Brass. Brass and Aluminum have similar characteristics of thermal expansion. And every time you start (heat your motor up to temp) the aluminum piston expands; the brass sleeve expands at the top and the chrome lining strains to keep up with the Brass sleeve. This expansion is on the order of 10 times that of what is being induced by the tooling die that induces creep into the sleeve.
So, for purposes of this discussion, these materials definitely expand when exposed to heat; but heat is not used to induce creep into the sleeve. In other words, heat makes it move, but the induced creep is maintained thorough the thermal expansion cycle of the materials. In other words: If it’s that shape when it’s cold, it’s relatively close to the same shape when it’s hot. So the answer to #1 is “no”
The answer to #2 is:you need the piston in order to lap the piston back into the sleeve once the sleeve has been pinched. It also helps to have the piston as a reference for quality control
The answer to #3 is you need to apply the stress radially…..that’s why “guest” doesn’t know what the F*&K he’s talking about since the die he has shown doen’t accomplish that. Guest’s die will make a perfect “egg shape”. When I lap a piston to a sleeve, I will typically do a "circular" lap rather than the "Ron Jerome" to make sure the piston is round in the sleeve.
Bob has a very good method to bake a piston and make it swell, then relap it to the sleeve. I also do that to larger motors but it hasn’t been as effective for the little fellers.
I have found that many of the .21 motors that have their sleeve pinched fit better when you put them back into the casting. When the motor is heating up, any slack between the casting and the sleeve goes away when the sleeve is expanding because of heat (again we are talking about less than .001” here)
Hope this answers your question,
KB